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Recent books by RWER contributors

 

Steve Keen

Debunking Economics

 

Nicolas Bouleau

Risk and Meaning: Adversaries in Art, Science and Philosophy

 

Michael Hudson

Trade, Development and Foreign Debt

 

Richard Murphy

Tax Havens: How Globalization Really Works

 

Ted Trainer

Renewable Energy Cannot Sustain a Consumer Society

 

Hazel Henderson

Ethical Markets: Growing the Green Economy

 

 

 

 

sanity, humanity and science

real-world economics review

formerly the post-autistic economics review               ISSN 1755-9472

 

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In the current issue, no. 58:

Ethics in economics - Where is it?
                                                                     2

Peter Radford              

            WEA online conference: Economics in Society: The Ethical Dimension

 

A problem-centered and student-centered approach                                          9
to teaching pluralist economics

Julie A. Nelson  

 

The world in balance sheet recession: causes, cure, and politics                     19

Richard C. Koo  

 

Financial crisis, the international monetary system and                                   38
the challenge of the emerging economies

Jorge Rojas     

 

Waiting for the next crash: the Minskyan lessons we failed to learn                 59

Randall Wray  

 

Europe’s non-solution: the ‘bazooka’ turned on itself                                      69

Marshall Auerback 

 

The Eurozone crisis:                                                                                        77
Looking through the financial fog with Keynesian glasses                                   

Jorge Buzaglo  

 

A new international Bretton Woods System?                                                    83

Bill Lucarelli  

 

Ethos and reform of finance systems, a tentative argument                              89

Jamie Morgan

 

Reform of finance education in US business schools                                       95
Robert R. Locke   

 

Neuroeconomics: A sceptical view                                                                   113

Robert McMaster

 

Other institutionalism for Development Studies                                               126

Fernando García-Quero and  Fernando López Castellano

 

Past Contributors, etc.                                                                                                                           134

 

Real-World Economics Review Blog http://rwer.wordpress.com/

real-world economics review on Twitter http://twitter.com/RealWorldEcon

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Download individual RWER papers in back issues
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Issue 57December 12, 2011

 

How economic theory came to ignore the role of debt                                      2

Michael Hudson      download pdf   

 

Economic growth, asset markets and the credit accelerator                             25

Steve Keen      download pdf

 

The financial sector and the real economy                                                       41

Dietmar Peetz and Heribert Genreith      download pdf

 

The return of the bear                                                                                       48

Steve Keen      download pdf

 

Tax havens, secrecy jurisdictions and the breakdown of corporation tax         56

Richard Murphy      download pdf

 

China and India: a comparative analysis of their integration                            60

into the global economy

Mazhar Siraj      download pdf

 

The radical implications of a zero growth economy                                         71

Ted Trainer      download pdf

 

From rigged carbon markets to investing in green growth                               83

Hazel Henderson      download pdf

 

Mathematics and real-world knowledge                                                            90

Nicolas Bouleau      download pdf

 

The value of simple models                                                                            104

Geoff Davies      download pdf

 

Five methodological fallacies in applied econometrics                                   113

D.A. Hollanders      download pdf

 

Past Contributors, etc.                                                                                                                          127

 

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Issue 56 –  March 11, 2011   

 

An outline for right to economic development in the Arab world               2

Ali Kadri     download pdf                                                                                                   


Scrap the lot and start again                                                                  
15

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke     download pdf                                                                         


Efficient Markets Hypothesis: What are we talking about?                      
19

Bernard Guerrien and Ozgur Gun     download pdf                                                    

 

The economist as social engineer:                                                           31

Maxi-max decision, utopia, and the need for professional economic ethics

George DeMartino     download pdf                                                                                


Understanding the problems of mathematical economics:                  
    45

A “continental” perspective

Wolfgang Drechsler     download pdf                                                                        

 

Iceland’s meltdown:                                                                                 58

The rise and fall of international banking in the North Atlantic

Robert H. Wade and Silla Sigurgeirsdottir     download pdf                                                


On the economic crisis and the crisis of economics
                                72

Victor A. Beker     download pdf                                                                 

 

Fiscal policy effectiveness: Lessons from the Great Recession                95

Pavlina R. Tcherneva     download pdf                                                                                


Green capitalism: the god that failed   
                                                  112

Richard Smith     download pdf                                                                

 

The deficit-reducing potential of a financial speculation tax                   145

Dean Baker     download pdf                                                                     

 

U-3 or U-5: a note                                                                                   151

Merijn Knibbe     download pdf                                                                                          


Reflections on the “Inside Job”
                                                             155

Peter Radford     download pdf                                                              

                                                           

Past Contributors, etc.                                                                                                             158

 

 

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Issue 55 –  December 17, 2010   

        

The use and abuse of mathematical economics                                                 2

Michael Hudson     download pdf

 

What is (wrong with) economic theory?                                                           23

Lars Pålsson Syll     download pdf

 

Reforming the international monetary system                                                  58

Jane D’Arista and Korkut Erturk     download pdf

 

U.S. “quantitative easing” is fracturing the global economy                             82

Michael Hudson     download pdf

  

Dubious assumptions of the theory of comparative advantage             94

Ian Fletcher    download pdf

 

Why did Dutch economists get it so wrong?                                                    106

Merijn Knibbe     download pdf

If Herman Daly has a better plan, let’s hear it                                                   120

Richard Smith     download pdf

 

Adam Smith’s view of slaves as property:                                                        124

A response to Thomas Wells and Bruce Elmslie

Marvin T. Brown     download pdf

 

Past Contributors, etc.                                                                                                                           126

 

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Issue 54 – 27 September 2010           

 

Cognitive dissonance, the Global Financial Crisis and                                            2

                the discipline of economics           

Adam Kessler     download pdf

 

Manifesto of the appalled economists     download pdf                                           19

 

Deleveraging is America’s future                                                                                  32

Steve Keen     download pdf   

 

Heterodox lessons from the crisis                                                                               41

Korkut Alp Ertürk     download pdf 

 

The epistemology of economic decision making                                                      47

Lewis L. Smith     download pdf      

 

Ricardian “comparative advantage” is illusory                                                         62

John Duffield     download pdf   

Could the money system be the basis of a sufficiency economy?                       79

Mary Mellor     download pdf  

 

How to bring economics into the 3rd millennium by 2020                                        89

Edward Fullbrook     download pdf

                                                                                                                                               

Comments

                The operative word here is "somehow"                                                      103

                Herman Daly     download pdf     

 

Go forth and observe: An answer to Radford’s question                        104

Merijn Knibbe     download pdf

 

Past Contributors, etc.                                                                                                           108

............

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Issue 53 – 26 June 2010

 

May 6th                                                                                                                                      2

Paul A. David       download pdf

Beyond growth or beyond capitalism                                                                               28

Richard Smith     download pdf

Happy talk and the stock market                                                                                       43

David Westbrook     download pdf

The crisis in mainstream economics                                                                 47

Geoffrey Harcourt     download pdf

Copeland on money as electricity                                                                                     52

Anne Mayhew     download pdf

Debunking the theory of the firm—a chronology                                                           56

Steve Keen and Russell Standish     download pdf

The high budgetary cost of incarceration                                                                        95

John Schmitt, Kris Warner, and Sarika Gupta     download pdf    

Deficit hysteria redux?                                                                                                        109

Yeva Nersisyan and Randall L. Wray     download pdf

The social cost of carbon                                                                                   129

Frank Ackerman and Elizabeth Stanton     download pdf

Review article                                                                                                                        144

Keynes, recovered

Jonathan Kirshner      download pdf   

Comments

Adam Smith’s real views on slavery: a reply to Marvin Brown                 150

Thomas Wells     download pdf

Did Smithian economics promote slavery?                                                     156

Bruce Elmslie      download pdf     

Willy Nilly                                                                                                               161

                Marglin, Radford and Fullbrook     download pdf

 

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Issue 52 - 10 March 2010

 

Pragmatism versus economics ideology: China versus Russia                   2

David Ellerman      download pdf

Racism and Economics

                Free enterprise and the economics of slavery                                 28

                Marvin Brown      download pdf

                Why some countries are poor and some rich                                  40

                     - a non-Eurocentric view

                Deniz Kellecioglu      download pdf

The GFC

Declaring victory at half time                                                                              54

Steve Keen      download pdf

Modern finance, methodology and the Global Crisis                                     69

Esteban Pérez Caldentey and Matías Vernengo      download pdf

A Keynes moment in the Global Financial Collapse                                       82

Thodoris Koutsobinas      download pdf

Tragedy, law, and rethinking our financial markets                                       100

David A. Westbrook      download pdf

Whither economics? What do we tell the students?                                                    112

Peter Radford      download pdf

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Issue 51 - 1 December 2009

 

Inequality as policy: The United States Since 1979                                                         2

John Schmitt      download pdf

Global commons and common sense                                                                              10

Jorge Buzaglo      download pdf

Managerialism and the demise of the Big Three                                                             28

Robert R Locke      download pdf

The demise of neoliberalism?                                                                                            48

Bill Lucarelli      download pdf

Money manager capitalism and the global financial crisis                                            55

L. Randall Wray      download pdf

IMF’s policies during the world recession                                                                        70

Mark Weisbrot      download pdf

A man for this season? Keynes                                                                                         76

Walden Bello      download pdf

Economic theory and the crisis                                                                                         80

Alan Kirman      download pdf

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Issue 50 - 8 September 2009

 

What is Minsky all about, anyway?          3

Korkut Ertürk and Gökcer Özgür      download pdf

The policy implications of the General Theory           16

Geoff Tily       download pdf      

Ecological macroeconomics: Consumption, investment, and climate change          34

Jonathan M. Harris     download pdf

Peak oil – coming soon but when?          48

Lewis L. Smith      download pdf

 

The financial crisis - Part V

America ’s exhausted paradigm:          52   
                 
Thomas I. Palley   download pdf       

It’s that “vision” thing          75

Jan Kregel        download pdf    

  Efficient market theory vs. Keynes’s liquidity theory          85

Paul Davidson      download pdf     

Crisis in the heartland: Consequences of the New Wall Street System          101

Peter Gowan       download pdf  

 

How should the collapse of the world financial system affect economics? - Part III

It is agreed that the current economic crisis has shown that the standard models of academic economics are seriously wanting. Should the main emphasis of reform be on developing new formal models or to an opening up of economics to methods other than traditional modelling?

                The Dahlem Group on Economic Modeling       download pdf         118      

                Tony Lawson      download pdf          122         

Economists and economics: What does the crisis tell us?          132          

Luigi Spaventa       download pdf

Mainstream economics and Iceland 's economic collapse          143

Gunnar Tómasson      download pdf   

Goodbye, homo economicus          151

Anatole Kaletsky      download pdf

 

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Issue 49 - 12 March 2009

 

How should the collapse of the world financial system affect economics? - Part II

Mad, bad, and dangerous to know

Steve Keen      download pdf     2

A financial crisis on top of the ecological crisis:
    
Ending the monopoly of neoclassical economics

Peter Söderbaum      download pdf     8

Toward a new sustainable economy

Robert Costanza      download pdf     20

After the bust: The outlook for macroeconomics and macroeconomic policy

Thomas I. Palley     download pdf     22

A non-formal look at the non-formal economy

Sean Mallin     download pdf     36

 

The financial crisis - Part IV

The triumph – and costs – of greed (Part I)

Clive Dilnot      download pdf     42

Statement to the U.S. House of Representatives

James K. Galbraith     download pdf     62

Lawson’s reorientation

Edward Fullbrook     download pdf     73

Comments

The real dirt on happiness economics:
     A reply to ‘The unhappy thing about happiness economics’

Dan Turton     download pdf     83

Reply to Dan Turton

Helen Johns and Paul Ormerod     download pdf     91

 

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 

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Editor: Edward Fullbrook. Associate Editor: Jamie Morgan. PAST CONTRIBUTORS: James Galbraith, Frank Ackerman, André Orléan, Hugh Stretton, Jacques Sapir, Edward Fullbrook, Gilles Raveaud, Deirdre McCloskey, Tony Lawson, Geoff Harcourt, Joseph Halevi, Sheila C. Dow, Kurt Jacobsen, The Cambridge 27, Paul Ormerod, Steve Keen, Grazia Ietto-Gillies, Emmanuelle Benicourt, Le Movement Autisme-Economie, Geoffrey Hodgson, Ben Fine, Michael A. Bernstein, Julie A. Nelson, Jeff Gates, Anne Mayhew, Bruce Edmonds, Jason Potts, John Nightingale, Alan Shipman, Peter E. Earl, Marc Lavoie, Jean Gadrey, Peter Söderbaum, Bernard Guerrien, Susan Feiner, Warren J. Samuels, Katalin Martinás, George M. Frankfurter, Elton G. McGoun, Yanis Varoufakis, Alex Millmow, Bruce J. Caldwell, Poul Thøis Madsen, Helge Peukert, Dietmar Lindenberger, Reiner Kümmel, Jane King, Peter Dorman, K.M.P. Williams, Frank Rotering, Ha-Joon Chang, Claude Mouchot, Robert E. Lane, James G. Devine, Richard Wolff, Jamie Morgan, Robert Heilbroner, William Milberg, Stephen T. Ziliak, Steve Fleetwood, Tony Aspromourgos, Yves Gingras, Ingrid Robeyns, Robert Scott Gassler, Grischa Periono, Esther-Mirjam Sent, Ana Maria Bianchi, Steve Cohn, Peter Wynarczyk, Daniel Gay, Asatar Bair, Nathaniel Chamberland, James Bondio, Jared Ferrie, Goutam U. Jois, Charles K. Wilber, Robert Costanza, Saski Sivramkrishna, Jorge Buzaglo, Jim Stanford, Matthew McCartney, Herman E. Daly, Kyle Siler, Kepa M. Ormazabal, Antonio Garrido, Robert Locke, J. E. King, Paul Davidson, Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra, Kevin Quinn, Trond Andresen, Shaun Hargreaves Heap, Lewis L. Smith, Gautam Mukerjee, Ian Fletcher, Rajni Bakshi, M. Ben-Yami, Deborah Campbell, Irene van Staveren, Neva Goodwin, Thomas Weisskopf, Mehrdad Vahabi, Erik S. Reinert, Jeroen Van Bouwel, Bruce R. McFarling, Pia Malaney, Andrew Spielman, Jeffery Sachs, Julian Edney, Frederic S. Lee, Paul Downward, Andrew Mearman, Dean Baker, Tom Green, David Ellerman, Wolfgang Drechsler, Clay Shirky, Bjørn-Ivar Davidsen, Robert F. Garnett, Jr., François Eymard-Duvernay, Olivier Favereau, Robert Salais, Laurent Thévenot, Mohamed Aslam Haneef, Kurt Rothschild, Jomo K. S., Gustavo Marqués, David F. Ruccio, John Barry, William Kaye-Blake; Michael Ash, Donald Gillies, Kevin P.Gallagher, Lyuba Zarsky, Michel Bauwens, Bruce Cumings, Concetta Balestra, Frank Fagan, Christian Arnsperger, Stanley Alcorn, Ben Solarz, Sanford Jacoby, Kari Polanyi, P. Sainath, Margaret Legum, Juan Carlos Moreno-Brid, Igor Pauno, Ron Morrison, John Schmitt, Ben Zipperer, John B. Davis, Alan Freeman, Andrew Kliman, Philip Ball, Alan Goodacre, Robert McMaster, David A. Bainbridge, Richard Parker, Tim Costello, Brendan Smith, Jeremy Brecher, Peter T. Manicas, Arjo Klamer, Donald MacKenzie, Max Wright, Joseph E. Stiglitz. George Irvin, Frédéric Lordon, James Angresano, Robert Pollin, Heidi Garrett-Peltier, Dani Rodrik, Marcellus Andrews, Riccardo Baldissone, Ted Trainer, Kenneth J. Arrow, Brian Snowdon, Helen Johns, Fanny Coulomb, J. Paul Dunne, Jayati Ghosh, L. A Duhs, Paul Shaffer, Donald W Braben, Roland Fox, Marco Gillies, Joshua C. Hall, Robert A. Lawson, Will Luther, JP Bouchaud, Claude Hillinger, George Soros, David George, Alan Wolfe, Thomas I. Palley, Sean Mallin, Clive Dilnot, Dan Turton, Korkut Ertürk, Gökcer Özgür, Geoff Tily, Jonathan M. Harris, Thomas I. Palley, Jan Kregel, Peter Gowan, David Colander, Hans Foellmer, Armin Haas, Alan Kirman, Katarina Juselius, Brigitte Sloth, Thomas Lux, Luigi Sapaventa, Gunnar Tómasson, Anatole Kaletsky, Robert R Locke, Bill Lucarelli, L. Randall Wray, Mark Weisbrot, Walden Bello, Marvin Brown, Deniz Kellecioglu, Esteban Pérez Caldentey, Matías Vernengo, Thodoris Koutsobinas, David A. Westbrook, Peter Radford, Paul A. David, Richard Smith, Russell Standish, Yeva Nersisyan, Elizabeth Stanton, Jonathan Kirshner, Thomas Wells, Bruce Elmslie, Steve Marglin, Adam Kessler, John Duffield, Mary Mellor, Merijn Knibbe, Michael Hudson, Lars Pålsson Syll, Korkut Erturk, Jane D’Arista, Richard Smith, Ali Kadri, Egmont Kakarot-Handtke, Ozgur Gun, George DeMartino, Robert H. Wade, Silla Sigurgeirsdottir, Victor A. Beker, Pavlina R. Tcherneva, Ali Kadri, Egmont Kakarot-Handtke, Ozgur Gun, George DeMartino, Robert H. Wade, Silla Sigurgeirsdottir, Victor A. Beker, Pavlina R. Tcherneva, Dietmar Peetz, Heribert Genreith, Mazhar Siraj, Ted Trainer, Hazel Henderson, Nicolas Bouleau, Geoff Davies, D.A. Hollanders

 

 

Board of Editors  

Nicola Acocella, Italy, University of Rome 

Robert Costanza, USA, Portland State University

Wolfgang Drechsler, Estonia, Tallinn University of

Technology 

Kevin Gallagher, USA, Boston University   

Jo Marie Griesgraber, USA, New Rules for Global

Finance Coalition   

Bernard Guerrien,  France, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-

Sorbonne  

Michael Hudson, USA, University of Missouri at Kansas

 City   

Frederic S. Lee, USA, University of Missouri at Kansas

City  

Anne Mayhew, USA, University of Tennessee  

Gustavo Marqués, Argentina, Universidad de Buenos Aires

Julie A. Nelson, USA, University of Massachusetts, Boston

Paul Ormerod, UK, Volterra Consulting  

Richard Parker, USA, Harvard University  

Ann Pettifor, UK, Policy Research in Macroeconomics  

Alicia Puyana, Mexico, Latin American School of Social

Sciences

Jacques Sapir, France, École des hautes études en

sciences sociales

Peter Söderbaum, Sweden, School of Sustainable

Development of Society and Technology 

Peter Radford, USA, The Radford Free Press  

David Ruccio, USA, Notre Dame University

Immanuel Wallerstein, USA, Yale University  

 

 

Thoughts that led to

the creation of this journal

 

". . . economics has become increasingly an arcane branch of mathematics rather than dealing with real economic problems"

Milton Friedman

 

“[Economics as taught] in America's graduate schools... bears testimony to a triumph of ideology over science.” 
Joseph Stiglitz

 

"Existing economics is a theoretical [meaning mathematical] system which floats in the air and which bears little relation to what happens in the real world"

Ronald Coase

 

“We live in an uncertain and ever-changing world that is continually evolving in new and novel ways.  Standard theories are of little help in this context.  Attempting to understand economic, political and social change requires a fundamental recasting of the way we think” 

Douglass North

 

“Page after page of professional economic journals are filled with mathematical formulas […] Year after year economic theorists continue to produce scores of mathematical models and to explore in great detail their formal properties; and the econometricians fit algebraic functions of all possible shapes to essentially the same sets of data”

Wassily Leontief

 

“Today if you ask a mainstream economist a question about almost any aspect of economic life, the response will be: suppose we model that situation and see what happens…modern mainstream economics consists of little else but examples of this process”

Robert Solow

 

"Economics is supposed to be social science, i.e. an intellectual discipline resting upon empirically-observed facts, in which mathematics and conceptual frameworks are tools for understanding.  But in contemporary mainstream economics, the tools are often in the driver's seat, declaring evident facts impossible and reducing the subtleties of the real world to whatever clockwork economists best know how to build."

Ian Fletcher

 

“Modern economics is sick. Economics has increasingly become an intellectual game played for its own sake and not for its practical consequences for understanding the economic world. Economists have converted the subject into a sort of social mathematics in which analytical rigour is everything and practical relevance is nothing.”
Mark Blaug

 

“. . . the close to monopoly position of neoclassical economics is not compatible with normal ideas about democracy.  Economics is science in some senses, but is at the same time ideology.  Limiting economics to the neoclassical paradigm means imposing a serious ideological limitation.  Departments of economics become political propaganda centers . . .”
Peter Söderbaum

 

“Economics students . . . graduate from Masters and PhD programs with an effectively vacuous understanding of economics, no appreciation of the intellectual history of their discipline, and an approach to mathematics that hobbles both their critical understanding of economics and their ability to appreciate the latest advances in mathematics and other sciences.  A minority of these ill-informed students themselves go on to be academic economists, and they repeat the process.  Ignorance is perpetuated”

Steve Keen

 

“The human economy has passed from an “empty world” era in which human-made capital was the limiting factor in economic development to the current “full world” era in which remaining natural capital has become the limiting factor “

Robert Costanza

“Most courses deal with an ‘imaginary world,’ and have no link whatsoever with concrete problems.” 
Emmanuelle Benicort

 

“All of these textbooks fail to explain how prices are determined in ‘markets’’ and thus how markets work.  Where do prices come from?  Who determines them?  How do they fluctuate?  These questions are never addressed, even though it is through the price mechanism that the ‘invisible hand’ is supposed to operate.”
Le Mouvement Autisme-Économie

 

“. . . mainstream economists seek knowledge through numbers to stop the messy reality of people, processes and politics dirtying their invisible hands.” 
Alan Shipman

 

“Multinationals are everywhere except in economic theories and economics departments.”

Grazia Ietto-Gillies

 

 “. . . the economist must engage him or herself as a citizen with convictions regarding the public good and ways of treating it, rather than as the holder of universal truth that he or she substitutes for discussion in order to impose it on us all.”
André Orléan


 “The Taliban, and its variety of fundamentalist thinking, has been the most controlling and oppressive regime with regard to women in contemporary times.  Contemporary academic economics, and contemporary global economic policies, are gripped by other rigidities of thinking – what George Soros has dubbed ‘market fundamentalism.’  Fantasies of control are operative in both phenomena, and gender is far from irrelevant to understanding their power, and their solution.”
Julie A. Nelson

 

“There is an urgent need for a more realistic economics of the environment, with theories and analyses that can help to create environmentally sustainable economic activity.” 

Frank Ackerman

“Modern economics is not very successful as an explanatory endeavour. This much is accepted by most serious commentators on the discipline, including many of its most prominent exponents”

Tony Lawson

 

“Because mathematics has swamped the curricula in leading universities and graduate schools, student economists are neither encouraged nor equipped to analyze real world economies and institutions.”

Geoffrey M. Hodgson

 

“. . . the concepts of uneconomic growth, accumulating illth, and unsustainable scale have to be incorporated in economic theory if it is to be capable of expressing what is happening in the world. This is what ecological economists are trying to do.”

Herman E. Daly

 

“The application of mathematics to economics has proved largely unsuccessful because it is based on a misleading analogy between economics and physics. Economics would do much better to model itself on another very successful area, namely medicine, and, like much of medicine, to adopt a qualitative causal methodology.”

Donald Gillies

 

“Economic history courses have been disappearing from classrooms across the world. Once a compulsory part of economics education, they have been relegated to the remote corners of ‘options’ and even closed down.”

Ha-Joon Chang

 

“In Smith is a forgotten lesson that the foundation of success in creating a constructive classical liberal society lies in the individuals’ adherence to a common social ethics. According to Smith, virtue serves as ‘the fine polish to the wheels of society’ while vice is ‘like the vile rust, which makes them jar and grate upon one another.’ Indeed, Smith sought to distance his thesis from that of Mandeville and the implication that individual greed could be the basis for social good. Smith’s deistic universe might not sit well with those of post-enlightenment sensibilities, but his understanding that virtue is a prerequisite for a desirable market society remains an important lesson. For Smith ethics is the hero-not self-interest or greed-for it is ethics that defend social intercourse from the Hobbesian chaos.”

Charles K. Wilber

 

“. . . conventional economics . . . remains fixated on the view that economics is the physics of society.  In other words, most of the profession behaves as if there were a single universally valid view of the world that needs only to be applied.” 

Paul Ormerod

 

 

 

Real-World Economics Review BLOG